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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Disulfate</span></h1>
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<p><b>Disulfate</b> (auch: <i>Pyrosulfate</i>) sind die <a href="Salze" title="Salze">Salze</a> der <a href="Dischwefels%C3%A4ure" title="Dischwefelsäure">Dischwefelsäure</a>. Disulfate haben die <a href="Chemische_Formel" title="Chemische Formel">allgemeine Formel</a> Me<sup>I</sup><sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disulfate haben eine <a href="Dichromate" class="mw-redirect" title="Dichromate">dichromatähnliche</a> Struktur, wobei <a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel">Schwefel</a> hier in einer <a href="Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationsstufe</a> von +6 vorliegt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Einige Pyrosulfate sind zum Beispiel:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Natriumdisulfat" title="Natriumdisulfat">Natriumdisulfat</a></li>
<li><a href="Kaliumdisulfat" title="Kaliumdisulfat">Kaliumdisulfat</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>Disulfate sind feuchtigkeitsempfindliche <a href="Salze" title="Salze">Salze</a>, die mit <a href="Wasser" title="Wasser">Wasser</a> im ersten Schritt zu stark sauren <a href="Hydrogensulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogensulfate">Hydrogensulfaten</a> reagieren. Bei der weiteren Verdünnung bilden sich daraus Sulfate und Oxoniumionen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {S_{2}O_{7}\,_{(aq)}^{2-}+\ 3\ H_{2}O_{(l)}\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ HSO_{4}\,_{(aq)}^{-}+2\ H_{2}O_{(l)}\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ SO_{4}\,_{(aq)}^{2-}+2\ H_{3}O\,_{(l)}^{+}} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {S_{2}O_{7}\,_{(aq)}^{2-}+\ 3\ H_{2}O_{(l)}\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ HSO_{4}\,_{(aq)}^{-}+2\ H_{2}O_{(l)}\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ SO_{4}\,_{(aq)}^{2-}+2\ H_{3}O\,_{(l)}^{+}} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9290a6ad96abe06af615fb33b6b63e5a42a69303.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.505ex; width:76.505ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {S_{2}O_{7}\,_{(aq)}^{2-}+\ 3\ H_{2}O_{(l)}\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ HSO_{4}\,_{(aq)}^{-}+2\ H_{2}O_{(l)}\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ SO_{4}\,_{(aq)}^{2-}+2\ H_{3}O\,_{(l)}^{+}} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herstellung">Herstellung</h2></div>
<p>Disulfate werden durch Erhitzen von <a href="Hydrogensulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogensulfate">Hydrogensulfaten</a> unter Wasserabspaltung hergestellt:
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<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ HSO_{4}^{-}\longrightarrow \ S_{2}O_{7}^{2-}\ +\ H_{2}O} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ HSO_{4}^{-}\longrightarrow \ S_{2}O_{7}^{2-}\ +\ H_{2}O} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/51136c0e90c496ac08c3fa949596d74f42a941ed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:28.869ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ HSO_{4}^{-}\longrightarrow \ S_{2}O_{7}^{2-}\ +\ H_{2}O} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Auch können Disulfate durch Reaktion von <a href="Schwefeltrioxid" title="Schwefeltrioxid">Schwefeltrioxid</a> mit einem Sulfat hergestellt werden:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {SO_{4}^{2-}\ +\ SO_{3}\longrightarrow \ S_{2}O_{7}^{2-}} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {SO_{4}^{2-}\ +\ SO_{3}\longrightarrow \ S_{2}O_{7}^{2-}} }</annotation>
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<p>Durch zu hohe Temperatur können sich Disulfate in umgekehrter Reaktion wieder zersetzen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {S_{2}O_{7}^{2-}\longrightarrow \ SO_{4}^{2-}\ +\ SO_{3}} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {S_{2}O_{7}^{2-}\longrightarrow \ SO_{4}^{2-}\ +\ SO_{3}} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a1384810fd5a9b6cb0e998bc4a0f3015e9e57fd7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:25.754ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {S_{2}O_{7}^{2-}\longrightarrow \ SO_{4}^{2-}\ +\ SO_{3}} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Disulfate haben Eigenschaften, die sie für besondere Aufgabenfelder nutzbar machen. <a href="Kaliumdisulfat" title="Kaliumdisulfat">Kaliumdisulfat</a> wird zum Beispiel in der Synthese neuer <a href="Ionenleiter" title="Ionenleiter">Verbundionenleiter</a> eingesetzt. Ebenfalls findet es Einsatz in der katalytischen Umwandlung von Diethylweinsäureester zu <a href="Brenztraubens%C3%A4ure" title="Brenztraubensäure">Brenztraubensäure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/chemie/disulfate/2595"><i>Disulfate – Lexikon der Chemie.</i></a> In: <i>www.spektrum.de.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Mai 2016</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ADisulfate&amp;rft.title=Disulfate+%E2%80%93+Lexikon+der+Chemie&amp;rft.description=Disulfate+%E2%80%93+Lexikon+der+Chemie&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spektrum.de%2Flexikon%2Fchemie%2Fdisulfate%2F2595">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenny Ståhl, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Francisco da Silva, K. Michael Eriksen, Rolf W. Berg, Rasmus Fehrmann: <cite style="font-style:italic">The crystal structure determinations and refinements of K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, KNaS<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> from X-ray powder and single crystal diffraction data</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Journal_of_Solid_State_Chemistry" title="Journal of Solid State Chemistry">Journal of Solid State Chemistry</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>178</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>5</span>, 2005, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1697–1704</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2005.03.022">10.1016/j.jssc.2005.03.022</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Disulfate&amp;rft.atitle=The+crystal+structure+determinations+and+refinements+of+K2S2O7%2C+KNaS2O7+and+Na2S2O7+from+X-ray+powder+and+single+crystal+diffraction+data&amp;rft.au=Kenny+St%C3%A5hl%2C+Tonci+Balic-Zunic%2C+Francisco+da+Silva%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.jssc.2005.03.022&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solid+State+Chemistry&amp;rft.pages=1697-1704&amp;rft.volume=178" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thilo, E., von Lampe, F. (1963). Beiträge zur Chemie der Alkalidi( = pyro)sulfate. ZAAC 319(5–6), 387–403; <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19633190519">https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19633190519</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trc-canada.com/product-detail/?P695075">Potassium Disulfate</a></span> bei <i>Toronto Research Chemicals</i>, abgerufen am 21.&nbsp;Mai 2016 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trc-canada.com/prod-img/MSDS/P695075MSDS.pdf">PDF</a>).<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
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